Genetic Polydactyly Disorder

Genetic Polydactyly Disorder Genetic Disorders Project Polydactyly Polydactyly is a common genetic disorder. It is a when someone with this disorder has an abnormal case of extra digits on their hands and / or feet. This disorder is usually found on the external side of the body. It is not common to be in the inter part of a body. Anyone can have polydactyly, such as animals or humans. There are a couple of ways to treat this disorder. The treatment is usually required for people that are concerned with their extra digits. Also, polydactyly is similar to the other genetic disorder, syndactyly. This genetic disorder affects many people. Polydactyly in the toes, especially the little toe, is a common malformation. It occurs in approximately two in 1,000 births and almost thirty percent of every child with polydactyly have relatives or family members with a particular type of polydactyly, or even syndactyly. Polydactyly refers to having extra digits in the hand and / or feet, extra fingers/ toes, and maybe even thumbs. This disorder is not sex linked and it can affect both males and females, although, males are more commonly affected. It is a dominant gene which means that if a child has a one parent with the trait and the gene, there is a 50% chance that the child will inherit it from the parent. It is sometimes a serious disorder but does not affect life span. You can have treatment for it but there is no prevention for this disorder. The treatment would to be to have a surgical procedure and have it taken off, as your own decision. The surgery for polydactyly is recommended, so if someone that is polydactyl decides to have the surgical procedure done, they usually would do it in their early years such as in there first 3 years at the most. If the parents or guardians decide not to have surgery, the child will most likely have to get used to the fact that they have extra fingers and re alize its ability to adapt to it. If a child has a minor case of polydactyly, the doctor will probably tie it at its base to prevent the flow of blood and the digit will just fall off. A surgeon or doctor would probably recommend having it removed at the first appointment you have scheduled. There are different forms of this genetically related disorder. Some different forms are a small and extra bump on the affected side of the hand. The finger might also be widened. At the end of the fingertips, an extra finger may dangle by a thin and narrow cord, from the hand. And another form or type of polydactyly is when the hand, in which looks very normal except for possibly one extra digit, such as a thumb, and maybe five extra fingers. There are an infinite number of variations for this disorder. Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertius (1698-1759) was the person that discovered polydactyly. He explained that the disorder can be found and inherited by the mother or the father. He demonstrated the trait as the result of mutation and provided the first accurate record of the transmission of a dominant trait in humans. It is a dominant trait in some communities. As a group, polydactyly affects mostly African Americans in a community. There are many causes for polydactyly. The causes are sometimes very bad and harmful. Of the many causes, some are rare and some are common. These are some causes: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia) Carpenter syndrome Trisomy 13 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy Yet these causes are not very well known, but, they can be difficult to deal with or handle. Polydactyly occurs in many people and in different types of people. Polydactyly occurs in one out of a thousand births. Usually right after a birth, the doctor or pediatrician suggests that the baby has the extra digit (toe or finger / thumb) surgically taken or removed off. This disorder results and takes place more in males. They are more commonly affected than females are. Also, African Americans are affected more by this disorder. Polydactyly and another genetic disorder called Syndactyly are closely related. To their extent, there are many similarities between the two genetic disorders. Polydactyly starts out as a paddle and then divides or splits into fingers very carefully. Since polydactyly strikes an appearance and arises, extra fingers are formed and created in a different way. In result of syndactyly, the same process is in occurrence and the only dissimilarity is that webbed fingers consequently resolute as an outcome. Webbed fingers are hard to control and cope with. It is hard to get a good grip and hold numerous objects or items. There are many symptoms of polydactyly and being diagnosed with the disorder. The symptoms consist of having more than normal number of digits of either the hand or foot, or having more than five on each hand or foot. The symptoms of polydactyly are: More toes than normal More fingers than normal Extra digit on hand Extra digit on foot Polydactyly is a common trait among cats. It seems that mostly Celtic cats and cats on part of Americas Eastern coast and South West Britain are diagnosed with polydactyly. This makes them polydactyl cats, such as humans that have polydactyly because they are polydactyl humans. Also, natural selection takes place in polydactyly in which it is in ordered form and not by random.

A Movie review on Kenneth Brannagh’s Frankenstein Essay

The movie is an adaptation of Mary Shelly’s novel, â€Å"Frankenstein.† In this film, very few things differ from the novel. This film is underlined by very strong and emotive morals that are seen throughout the movie in many different forms – the most obvious is that obsessions can result in dramatic and terrifying consequences)  Brannagh displays to the viewer how harmful these obsessions can be through emotive, painful, gruesome, and theatrical scenes. The dramatic portrayals of the consequences of the actors’ ambitions are palpable to the observer. The movie opens with dramatic scene of a ship and its crew stranded on an island on their venture to the North Pole. The cyclic narrative story begins when Walton’s crew hear loud ‘growl’ like noises coming from the mountains – Frankenstein’s creation. Frankenstein appears, cold and fearful and he begins to narrate his life to the crew. This is a bid to try to stop Walton forcing his crew to continue on to the North Pole. Victor tries to warn Walton that blinding ambition is the most destructive weapon ever known to man. Frankenstein starts to tell his story from the beginning, to the time when Frankenstein was a young boy. Frankenstein’s recollection displays that he had a very happy somewhat unrealistic childhood and a very close relationship with his mother. As Victor continues to tell his story of how his mother dies – in the book she dies from nursing Elizabeth yet in the Film she dies from child birth.) The mother either way in each case is forced to undergo some form of self-sacrifice. The fact that the mother does not voluntary die is the most painful part that Frankenstein cannot comprehend. Victor then vows that from this day on he will stop all pain and suffering in the world. (This is quite ironic because as the story develops Frankenstein hurts more and more people, most of them being very close friendships) This scene also displays that through out the film with the want of life comes death. Hence, this is where his obsession begins. The atmosphere of the film changes as Frankenstein goes to university. As the scene first appears it is a dismal and dull surrounding. Here that viewer can predict that this will be the focus of all misfortunes and evil. It is here that there is just one example of how Brannagh Cleverly uses pathetic fallacy to create a tense atmosphere. Victor enters the University with a good friend Henry (This also partially differs from Shelly’s novel as Victor does not befriend Henry until he is at the university.) It is here that Victor meets a very intelligent scientist, and the scientist later reveals to Victor that he knows how to create life. Victor’s curiosity increases. Later we see an example of how inhumane Victor becomes as he uses the brain of this professor to make the monster. When the professor dies, Frankenstein soon finds his notes and begins to develop them. It is here that he stops writing to home and begins to isolate himself from society, this action alone shows how selfish Victor is towards not only everyone close to him, but also we see later to the monsters needs and to society itself for placing such a burden into the world.  While all this is happening Elizabeth is worried about Victor but still proclaims that he is writing to her by forging letters to keep the family moral up. Also meanwhile, Justine has become the mother figure towards Victor’s brother, but also for the rest of the family. Frankenstein is wallowing in his self-absorption and work on his creation. He begins to lack basic grooming and hygiene and loses all care and consideration for anything except the creation. Brannagh emphasises this by setting him in a dark, dull, gloomy attic with complete isolation, all Frankenstein does is work, eat and sleep (yet sometimes he even lacks eating and sleeping.)  As soon as Victor reaches closer to the end of his project plague spreads through the town. Elizabeth, although Victor has neglected her for such a long period, goes forth to fetch him and save him from the plague. When she gets there victor is in a state of panic and has to hide all his work. (This is where you begin to wonder weather he knows what he is doing is wrong and whether he is ashamed of himself). When Elizabeth sees him she is disgusted with the state he has allowed himself to become accustomed to, frustrated as he still refuses to explain why he has not replied to her letters, but still craving for him to love her and welcome her. Victor still refuses to leave as his project is so close to completion yet begs Elizabeth to leave. Elizabeth does leave yet still confused.  It is here where it is most blatantly obvious that Victor has not considered and of the consequences as he rushes to finish his creation so, he may soon leave. The use of technical and photographical imagery here by Brannagh is very impressive. The dark attic is even more gloomy that ever and with the plague spreading through the village the is the presence of death ebbing all around, this is ironic as Frankenstein is trying to accomplish the total opposite, It is also here at the time of plague that Victors scientific breakthrough may be appreciated, no more death!

Words to O Tannenbaum in English and German

The popular Christmas carol O Tannenbaum was written in Germany in the mid-1500s. The original folk song has been rewritten many times over the centuries. The songs long history is not very detailed, but it is interesting. Its also fascinating to see how one modern German version literally translates into English. Its not quite what youre probably familiar with. The History of O Tannenbaum A Tannenbaum  is a fir tree  (die Tanne) or Christmas tree (der Weihnachtsbaum). Although most Christmas trees today are spruce (Fichten) rather than Tannen, the qualities of the evergreen have inspired musicians to write several Tannenbaum songs in German over the years. The first known Tannenbaum song lyrics date to 1550. A similar 1615 song by Melchior Franck (1579 to 1639) goes: â€Å"Ach TannebaumAch Tannebaumdu bist ein edler Zweig!Du grà ¼nest uns den Winter,die lieben Sommerzeit.† Roughly translated, it means, Oh pine tree, oh pine tree, youre a noble twig! You greet us in the winter, the dear summer time. In the 1800s, the German preacher and collector of folk music, Joachim Zarnack (1777 to 1827) wrote his own song inspired by the folk song. His version used the true leaves of the tree as a contrast to his sad tune  about an unfaithful (or untrue) lover. The best-known version of a Tannenbaum song was penned in 1824 by Ernst Gebhard Salomon Anschà ¼tz (1780 to 1861). He was  a well-known  organist, teacher,  poet, and composer from  Leipzig, Germany. His song doesnt specifically refer to a Christmas tree that is decorated for the holiday with ornaments and a star. Instead, it sings of the green fir tree, as more of a symbol of the season. Anschà ¼tz left the reference to a true tree in his song, and that adjective dates back to the faithless lover Zarnack sung about. Today, the old song is a popular Christmas carol that is sung far beyond Germany. Its common to hear it sung in the United States, even among people who dont speak German. The Lyrics and Translation The English version here is a literal translation—not the traditional English lyrics for the song—for learning purposes. There are at least a dozen other versions  of this carol. For example, a number of modern versions of this song changed treu (true) to  gruen  (green). The traditional melody of â€Å"O Tannenbaum† has also found use in non-Christmas songs. Four U.S. states (Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, and New Jersey) have borrowed the melody for their state song.   Deutsch English O TannenbaumText: Ernst Anschtz, 1824Melodie: Volksweise (traditional) O Christmas TreeLiteral English translationTraditional melody O Tannenbaum,O Tannenbaum,wie treu sind deine Bltter.Du grnst nicht nur zur Sommerzeit,Nein auch im Winter, wenn es schneit.O TannenbaumO Tannenbaum,wie treu sind deine Bltter. O Christmas tree,O Christmas tree,How loyal are your leaves/needles.Youre green not only in the summertime,No, also in winter when it snows.O Christmas treeO Christmas treeHow loyal are your leaves/needles.

Diagnosis Of Acute Onset Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

Patient A.S. Patient A.S. is 87-year-old female with a diagnosis of Acute onset chronic systolic heart failure, Afib, CHF, and hypothyroidism. She has a past medical history of Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CAD (Stent 2001). The patient was admitted to Lutheran Augustana Center on January 4, 2016 and was evaluated for therapy on January 5, 2016. Her current medications include Albuterol and Ipratropium via nebulizer to address shortness of breath. A combination of drugs to treat the symptoms of congestive heart failure and other comorbid diagnosis include: Eliquis, Furosemide, hydralazine, and metoprolol. Other medications include Synthroid to treat hypothyroidism, Tradjenta for hyperglycemia, and Zocor for hyperlipidemia. The patient also presented with skin problems. She has bilateral ecchymosis in her lower extremities and abdomen. Lotrisone lotion was prescribed for atopic dermatitis. Edema was also present in her lower extremities. 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